1. All living things are made up of cells.
2. The cell is the functional unit of life.
3. Cells come from pre-existing cells.
Microscopes Single Lens: magnifying glass; only one lens
Compound Light: can magnify to 100x or 10x; flexible, has many lens
Transmission Electron: can see detailed structures of cells (one layer only)
Scanning Electron: can see 3D structures; sees more than one layer of a cell
Magnification=(Magnification of Ocular Lens)x(Magnification of Objective Lens)
Vacuole
-Storage of water, fats, carbonhydrates, nutrients, and wastes
-changes shape depending on the intake
Nucleus
-Pores allow chemicals to pass, but not the DNA in the nucleus
-Envelope: also called membrane; it is semi-permeable
-Chromatin: strands of DNA that provides information to control the cell; when strands are combined, they become chromosomes
-Nucleolus: RNA (ribonuleic acid) and protein and works with ribosomes to produce protein
Cell Memberane
-composed of protein and lipids (fats)
-contains the cytoplasm
-semi-permeable layer that controls what goes in/out of cell
Centrioles
-27 microtubules form one centriole
-have spindle fibres to seperate chromosomes during cell division
Ribosomes
-small crimson spheres
-manufactures protein
Golgi Apparatus
-modifies chemicals so they're functional
-puts chemicals in tiny vesicles
-stores chemicals, and may produce ER
Edoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
-transports stuff like nutrients, waste, lipids, etc.
Smooth ER: digests lipids and phospholipids and makes dangerous chemicals like pesticides ready for excretion
Rough ER: looks like smooth ER, but with ribosomes attached to the outside; does not have the same function as smooth ER, it transports
Chloroplasts (Plant cell only)
-double membrane (protein, inner chlorophyll, lipid)
-photosynthesis takes place here
-granun change
Cell Wall (Plany cell only)
-composed of cellulose; also non-living
-permeable; protects plant cell from injury
-with vacuole; and cytoskeleton creates skeletal support
Mitochondria
-inner membrane forms cristae
-cellcular respiration
-power house (energy comes from here)
-glucose+oxygen-->carbon dioxide+water+ATP (energy)
Lysosomes
-enzymes and water splits food molecules so cell and digest bacteria (destroy them)
Cytoskeleton
-looks like small straw sticks (stalks)
-microtubes compose it
-it supports cell; provides the shape
Cytoplasm
-everything but the membrane and nucleus; the liquid material that moves the organelles around
Vesicles (Secretory)
-secretions (hormones, neurotransmitters) are packaged here from the golgi apparatus
-they are then transported for release at the surface of cell.
Peroxisomes
-protects cell's production of toxic hydrogen peroxide (cell naturally creates this)
-breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
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